العربية | arb-000 |
انتزاع |
العربية | arb-000 | تجريد |
العربية | arb-000 | تعرية |
العربية | arb-000 | قشر |
普通话 | cmn-000 | 反剥法 |
English | eng-000 | backstripping |
English | eng-000 | dispossession |
English | eng-000 | elimination |
English | eng-000 | expropriation |
English | eng-000 | layer stripping |
English | eng-000 | removal |
English | eng-000 | stripping |
français | fra-000 | déshabillage |
français | fra-000 | effeuillage |
français | fra-000 | soustraction |
français | fra-000 | écorchage |
русский | rus-000 | послойная инверсия |